Which statement best describes the purpose of grounding in electrical circuits?

• A. Increase circuit voltage for more power.
• B. Provide a common reference and path for fault currents to reduce shock risk and noise.
• C. Improve insulation resistance.
• D. Create a backup power supply.

Answer: (B)

Grounding provides a common reference point for voltages and a safe, low-impedance path for fault currents to travel to earth. This keeps exposed metal parts at earth potential, reducing the risk of shock if someone touches them. When a fault occurs, the current has a clear path to earth, causing protective devices like breakers or fuses to trip quickly and disconnect power. Grounding also helps stabilize system voltages and can reduce electrical noise by shunting stray currents away from sensitive circuitry. It isn’t about increasing voltage, improving insulation resistance, or providing backup power.